Skip to main content

Author: The Wistar Institute

The Wistar Institute and Cheyney University Forge Strategic Collaboration to Expand Life Science Research Training and Business Development Opportunities in Pennsylvania

PHILADELPHIA — (July 28, 2020) — The Wistar Institute and Cheyney University of Pennsylvania have launched a strategic collaboration uniting the nation’s first independent biomedical research institute and the nation’s first historically Black college and university (HBCU) in order to expand life science research education, training and business development opportunities in Pennsylvania.

Through this alliance, Cheyney students will participate in Wistar’s biomedical research and training curriculum and gain hands-on laboratory experience through laboratory courses and internships that can progress into Wistar’s credentialed apprenticeship program. In addition, as a new member of the Philadelphia Research Consortium (PRC), Cheyney University and its on-campus life-science companies will be able to leverage the research and business communities coalesced around the PRC.

“The creation of a center for biomedical research excellence at Cheyney points to our common goal in establishing a highly skilled, diverse, and equal-opportunity life science pipeline in Pennsylvania,” said Dario C. Altieri, M.D., president and CEO, director of the Cancer Center and the Robert & Penny Fox Distinguished Professor, at The Wistar Institute. “By combining education, business development, and technology training in a seamless, unified framework, we will maximize the potential of our students to become the next generation of scientists, innovators and life science professionals in this region and beyond. Our vision is to merge science and entrepreneurship to create value, jobs, and the technologies of the future.”

Throughout its history, Wistar has offered rigorous biomedical research education and training programs to high school, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers. This new Wistar-Cheyney collaboration will train students in cutting-edge biomedical research techniques and business development curricula that will be integrated into a comprehensive program over four years.

“Cheyney and Wistar are aligned in a forward-thinking strategic collaboration that will benefit from Wistar’s scientific expertise to equip our students to become leaders with careers in life science research,” said Aaron A. Walton, president of Cheyney University. “This new partnership will amplify our ongoing successful efforts to build corporate collaborations on our campus. It also will provide more internships and career development opportunities for our students, preparing them for future careers while earning their degrees at Cheyney.”

Mosaic Development Partners, Cheyney’s corporate partnership facilitator, worked with Calvin R. Snowden Jr. and Robert Carrington, both African American and former Centocor professionals, to cultivate the relationship between Cheyney and Wistar. Snowden and Carrington, who recently formed CBS BioPharma LLC, are committed to increasing the number of minorities in the biosciences field and worked with Anne Schoemaker, Wistar former employee, philanthropist and wife of Hubert J. P. Schoemaker, co-founder of Centocor whose commitment to education and mentorship was legendary.

“The relationship consummated between Cheyney and Wistar affirms that our collective strategy to create a biosciences hub at Cheyney, and one that focuses on student enrichment, research and entrepreneurship, is working,” said Timothy Roseboro, Mosaic’s Managing Director of Commercial Leasing. This agreement marks the sixth biosciences entity to join Cheyney on this journey.

The Philadelphia Research Consortium, a growing research collaboratory, was co-founded by The Wistar Institute together with its member institutions to facilitate impactful research collaborations between start-up companies and researchers across Pennsylvania while reducing barriers that can typically interfere with the ease and speed of entering into new for-profit and non-profit collaborations. Cheyney University will be an instrumental member of the consortium and a conduit connecting Chester County and Philadelphia life sciences and entrepreneurial communities. Cheyney will also benefit from having access to Wistar’s state-of the-art core facilities to advance innovative research and technologies.

###

The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the United States, Wistar has held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute since 1972. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. Wistar’s Business Development team is dedicated to advancing Wistar Science and Technology Development through creative collaborations. wistar.org.

Founded in 1837, Cheyney University of Pennsylvania is the nation’s oldest historically Black institution of higher education. Building on this legacy, the vision for Cheyney is to become the premier model for academic excellence, character development, and social responsibility among not only Historically Black Colleges and Universities, but in all of American higher education. The campus is located on 275 acres straddling Delaware and Chester Counties. Read more at cheyney.edu.

The Wistar Institute Appoints Chengyu Liang, M.D., Ph.D., as Professor in Its Cancer Center

PHILADELPHIA — (July 6, 2020) — The Wistar Institute, an international biomedical research leader in cancer, immunology and infectious diseases, announces the appointment of Chengyu Liang, M.D., Ph.D., as professor in the Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program of The Wistar Institute Cancer Center.

The Liang laboratory is focused on understanding the mechanisms that regulate fundamental cellular processes such as autophagy, cell death, DNA damage repair, and membrane trafficking in the context of cancer and infectious disease.

Autophagy, which means “self-eating”, is a natural mechanism used by cells to digest, remove and recycle unwanted components. This process also represents a barrier against malignant transformation. The Liang lab studies autophagy in leukemia, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and viral persistency, optimally bridging cancer and infectious disease, the two main research areas at Wistar.

Among their accomplishments, Liang and her team have identified a novel autophagy pathway controlled by a tumor suppressor gene called UV-radiation Resistance-Associated Gene (UVRAG) that also plays a direct role in DNA repair and chromosomal stability.

“We are absolutely thrilled to be able to welcome a world-renowned research leader like Chengyu at Wistar,” said Dario Altieri, M.D., president and CEO, director of The Wistar Institute Cancer Center and the Robert and Penny Fox Distinguished Professor. “Her contributions have tremendously advanced our understanding of autophagy and other molecular pathways of cellular quality control, with enormous disease relevance for melanoma development and progression. Chengyu’s work is an ideal complement to the long-standing commitment of the Institute to melanoma research and uniquely poised to make far-reaching discoveries that will ultimately benefit our patients.”

“Joining Wistar is an invaluable opportunity,” said Liang. “I think it will be the perfect home for my lab: a not-too-big and high-caliber community, with strong research programs and core facilities, offering exceptional scientific diversity and connections.”

Prior to joining Wistar, Liang was a tenured associate professor at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, which she joined in 2009 as an assistant professor.

She obtained her M.D. degree from Qingdao University School of Medicine, in China, and her Ph.D. degree in molecular genetics from State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, New York. She received her postdoctoral training at Harvard Medical School, in Boston.

###

The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the United States, Wistar has held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute since 1972. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. wistar.org.

Introducing Wistar’s New Teaching and Training Laboratory

The effects of COVID-19 have dramatically changed the way we live, learn and work. While many things have come to a standstill, Wistar research has never stopped and even new educational projects have managed to come to fruition. One shining addition to the Institute this summer is the newly constructed, state-of-the-art educational biomedical training suite.

The teaching and training laboratory has been a priority of the Institute to expand and enhance all of Wistar’s educational programs, including the High School Summer Fellowship in Biomedical Research, the Biomedical Technician Training (“BTT”) Program and the Biomedical Research Technician Apprenticeship, as well as exciting new programs with biotechnology and academic collaborators on the horizon.

“Over many years, Wistar’s educational programs for high school and community college students have inspired and trained hundreds of Philadelphia residents for successful careers in the life sciences. Wistar’s new flagship training lab will enable these young and talented scientists to begin their journey in a dedicated, state-of-the-art facility,” said Dr. Brian Keith, Wistar dean of Biomedical Studies. “We could not be more thrilled at how this new space, coupled with a supportive and rigorous teaching environment, will allow Wistar to further enhance and expand its educational mission.”

Step back to less than a year ago, when design plans were approved, and construction bids were in place. Wistar Facilities director Peter Scarpati and his exceptional team were mobilized and integral to moving the vision into a reality and bringing the project over the goal line to completion.

“With less people in the Institute, we were able to get work done that would have normally disrupted activities in the lab,” said Scarpati. “Our team has worked together throughout the pandemic, leaning on each other for help, and has been extremely successful in getting this and other projects accomplished. I am extremely proud of my entire Facilities team for how they have performed during this unprecedented time.”

The successful expansion of dedicated BTT training space was the result of a truly collaborative effort across the entire Institute, with so many players and departments involved in fundraising, planning, building, and equipping the suite. 

This brand-new 1500-square-foot education suite is part of president and CEO Dr. Dario Altieri’s long-term plan for Wistar to play an even larger role training future scientific leadership and making STEM education more accessible and equitable for everyone, especially Wistar’s community in West Philadelphia.

The training laboratory features long, open bench space alongside an instruction area equipped with a white board and smart TV access. Across the hall is a 300-square-foot tissue culture room with three biosafety cabinets, two incubators and one -80°C freezer. This lab was built with full functionality and practicality.

“Even as our lives are in flux, we have been looking at how we can contribute,” said Dario Altieri, Wistar president and CEO. “How do we contribute scientific advancements for the betterment of humankind in the face of a pandemic; how do we keep the Institute and our staff safe; how do we keep training our future workforce to be uniquely educated, highly skilled and sought after; how do we keep rethinking innovative science?”

This ability to contribute creatively and meaningfully under ever-changing circumstances is what our region needs and what those joining the workforce now demand. It’s a role those of us here couldn’t be more excited for Wistar to fill.

The Institute is deeply grateful to the organizations and individual donors that provided critical support to expand Wistar’s on-site training facility. This included grants provided by The McLean Contributionship, the Gray Charitable Trusts, and Office Depot; gifts given in memory of Harold M. Davis, an extraordinary Wistar supporter; and funding from the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry, which approved and registered the Biomedical Research Training (BRT) Apprenticeship Program in 2017, the first in the country, and recognized it as the 2019 Outstanding Non-traditional Apprenticeship Program.

“The support received from our philanthropic partners is an investment not just in our Institute but also the region,” said Altieri. “Wistar has been a leader in the education and training of the biomedical workforce for more than twenty years, and now with nearly $1M invested in this brand new training facility, our programs will be able to serve far more students who are seeking rewarding careers in biomedical research and the life sciences. I am very humbled by the generosity received from these organizations that will allow us to further enhance and expand our educational mission going forward.”

The Storm Brewing Inside: Immune Systems Go Wild During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Despite an unprecedented volume of research, there are still many unanswered questions on COVID-19, especially regarding the extremely varied clinical course the disease takes, ranging from asymptomatic to severe, even fatal. The evidence collected so far points to the so called “cytokine storm” as a major factor determining the final outcome.

Given the large volume of knowledge accumulated to date, Dr. Luis Montaner, director of Wistar’s HIV Immunopathogenesis laboratory, vice president of Scientific Operations, the Herbert Kean, M.D., Family Endowed Chaired Professor, and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology, teamed up with other editors to prepare a comprehensive review of COVID-19 publications from around the world with a focus on obtaining a better understanding of what creates a cytokine storm in some people and not others when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Here’s the conversation.

Define a cytokine storm.

Montaner: A person’s uncontrolled inflammatory response to a pathogen, which causes a cascade of negative events that may lead to multiple organ failure and premature death.

Break down and define in simple terms leukocytes and cytokines.

Montaner: Leukocyte, or white blood cells, are immune cells in the blood that also go into tissues. Cytokines are the messenger proteins made by leukocytes to communicate with other leukocytes and other cell types in the body. Both leukocytes and their cytokines are being evaluated as triggering factors contributing to disease severity and death in COVID-19.

What role do leukocytes and cytokines play in the immune response and disease progression?

Montaner: After a person becomes infected, leukocytes are the first cells to respond through the production of cytokines. This is a normal occurrence that is meant to jump start your immune response, but it becomes abnormal as the magnitude and rate of a person’s response to the infection increases.

Why does the immune system go wild and create a cytokine storm with COVID-19?

Montaner: That’s what this review is probing at by putting forth potential mechanisms that may trigger a cytokine storm. We are trying to understand what is changing with this disease and piece the moving parts together. We don’t know what the key triggers are for a cytokine storm or the quick onset of organ failure and death or in what order they act, but we are putting these pieces together.

Is this unique to SARS-CoV-2? If not, what other diseases bring this reaction on?

Montaner: Autoimmune diseases and other diseases can cause cytokine storms. Other coronaviruses like SARS and MERS also increase immune activation.

How did you come to study the data of 3939 patients from China? Tell me about this collaboration.

Montaner: As editor-in-chief of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology, I work closely with editors across the globe. Editors from China wanted to review the data and include integration of immune changes together with therapies being tested in the U.S. and China.

Did you find potential treatments that could be useful to dampen the storm?

Montaner: All of the strategies we reviewed are under analysis, as no FDA (or foreign equivalent) approved therapies are yet available. Clinical studies are now testing immune modulation, transfer of immunosuppressive stem cells, convalescent plasma transfusion, steroids, and traditional medicinal treatments.

What was the goal of your review?

Montaner: There have been numerous independent discussions of specific leukocytes or cytokines but no single, comprehensive review of all leukocytes and what their collective role in disease progression. I think this Review will serve to help define the clearest path forward for defining future research efforts to be explored in this global effort to create vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.

What were your final conclusions?

Montaner: While we all want to find a medicine that will be a “magic bullet” to treat all – the data indicates that the disease, leukocytes and the type of trigger for a cytokine storm may not be the same for all. In addition, diagnosis efforts to predict the risk of a cytokine storm and multi organ failure may require monitoring how the person is responding to infection as opposed to monitoring the amount of virus alone. Accordingly, our COVID-19 Wistar research is developing separate therapies to control the virus and the host response during a cytokine storm.

The Wistar Institute & Allevi Inc. Collaborate on 3D Bioprinting Project to Advance COVID-19 Research

PHILADELPHIA — (June 25th, 2020) — The Wistar Institute, a biomedical research leader in cancer, immunology and infectious diseases, and Allevi, Inc. a Philadelphia based startup pioneering innovative 3D biofabrication technologies, announce a collaboration to use 3D bioprinting to help combat COVID-19.

In a time where the coronavirus pandemic has led to nearly 8 million infections and more than 437,000 deaths worldwide1, scientific research is more important than ever. Allevi will apply its patented 3D bioprinting platform to create three-dimensional lung models that Wistar scientists will use to study SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The goal will be to investigate the mechanisms deployed by this pathogen to infect humans and identify potential ways in which it may be blocked.

Wistar expertise in immunology and virology and its state-of-the-art biosafety level 3 capabilities to safely study pathogens combined with Allevi’s platform technology will be essential to the success of this collaboration.

“We are accompanying the spectacular work from our peers in the scientific community and have identified tremendous potential for our platform to enable COVID-19 research in a much faster, yet physiologically relevant manner,” said Taciana Pereira, Allevi Vice President of Life Sciences and a co-principal investigator on the project. “We believe that scientists from all areas need to unite now to solve this crisis, so we are ecstatic to work with Wistar and Dr. David Weiner.”

The collaboration will be led by David B. Weiner, Ph.D., Executive Vice President, director of the Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center (VIC) and W.W. Smith Charitable Trust Professor in Cancer Research. “We have been advancing scientific investigations aimed at the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, and we believe that Allevi’s innovative approach is an exciting modality to gain unique insights into the inner workings of the novel coronavirus,” stated Weiner, also a co-principal investigator on the project.

“This project has the potential to be a significant asset in the fight against COVID-19, and the scientific community will benefit greatly from this endeavor,” said Robert Langer, Sc.D., David H. Koch Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Allevi Scientific Advisory Board member.

1Data from the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (Updated June 16, 2020)

###

Founded in 2014, Allevi’s mission is to make it easy to design and engineer 3D tissues using desktop 3D bioprinters that are versatile, powerful, and easy-to-use. Allevi’s 3D bioprinters and bioinks are trusted by leading researchers and industry giants in hundreds of labs globally in the fields of tissue engineering, organ-on-a-chip research, pharmaceutical validation, biomaterial development, and regenerative medicine. allevi3d.com

The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the United States, Wistar has held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute since 1972. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. Wistar’s Business Development team is dedicated to advancing Wistar Science and Technology Development through creative collaborations. wistar.org.

Message from our President & CEO

When I graduated from medical school, many years ago, I took an oath. An oath to preserve and uphold human life. All human life. What I saw in the horrific, excruciating minutes of the video in Minneapolis made a mockery of that oath, threw it in the filthiest mud, destroyed ideals and brought back the ghost of when humans were property. Property that could be disposed of at one’s whims. With impunity. Without justice.

I came to America as an immigrant thirty-three years ago. I will be eternally grateful for the opportunities that I was given. Maybe that the American dream we see on TV commercials had some truth to it after all. An idea that even immigrants who didn’t go to the right school, who didn’t know anybody, and who spoke with the funky accent, yes, even they could be contributors. Players. But after what I saw in Minneapolis, I wonder where I have been all these years. Was I blind? Did I not see the century-old discrimination, the systematic racial injustice, the staggering violence against our neighbors of color? Their assassination.

Non riesco a respirare. I can’t breathe. That was what Signora Manzoni had said to me as a young doctor In Italy many years ago. She couldn’t breathe because the disease had taken over her lungs. I can’t breathe. Back then, there was nothing I could do. But now, it’s different. Now we have the power. The power to scream from the highest tower that at Wistar, everybody is welcome. That we embrace the world, all of it, with joy and anticipation. The color of your skin, your customs, your language, your religion, all are welcome here. All are cherished. All are safe. All are us.

We are blessed that science doesn’t know borders or flags, doesn’t distinguish among national anthems, doesn’t know hate or discrimination. Doesn’t know racism. We are all the same. We are one. Science has always been a force for change. I know that it will be again now, when change is so desperately needed in our society. And I know that Wistar will continue to do its part, as it has done for over a century, to stand for racial equality, uphold social justice, honor fairness and support inclusiveness for all.

Dario C. Altieri, M.D.

Spotlight on Wistar COVID-19 Researcher: Ami Patel, Ph.D.

Research assistant professor Ami Patel has spent her career committed to using novel engineering approaches to fight harmful infectious diseases. Her work focuses on developing next generation vaccines and immunotherapies using DNA as part of her toolset.  Dr. Patel has been at the forefront of the Wistar Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. She is a major scientific contributor to the preclinical studies that enabled one of the first vaccine candidates developed to rapidly move into clinical trials. Dr. Patel walks us through her work.

I have always been interested in infectious diseases and understanding how something that you can’t see with your eyes can make you sick. I am particularly fascinated about how infectious diseases are evolving and new infections are emerging for which existing drugs and vaccines are not effective. I am passionate about developing strategies to fine-tune our bodies to better fight these infections that affect global public health.

COVID-19 is the latest emerging pathogen, the so-called Disease X.  The scientific community is working hard to understand the biology of COVID-19; this information is vital for research teams like ours at Wistar so that we can develop drugs and vaccines to protect us all.

Historically, vaccine development is a very lengthy process. In this pandemic, the scientific community had to react rapidly to fast-track the work required to develop a vaccine. Research is developing at an astonishing speed and every day new studies come out that help us put together the very challenging puzzle that is COVID-19. Thanks to research advancements and new technologies, we have improved tools that make the design and initial testing of vaccines much faster than with traditional platforms.

Though we are under immense pressure to accelerate the path to human trials, rigorous preclinical testing remains an essential cornerstone in vaccine development, giving us a host of information on the vaccine candidate that will instruct clinical development. We are focusing our energy on developing the best possible vaccine candidate that we can and making sure that we test it rigorously in preclinical biomedical assays to support moving it to people.

My work, conducted at Wistar’s Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center led by Dr. David Weiner and in collaboration with our colleagues at Inovio Pharmaceuticals, was focused on just that: Making sure our novel synthetic DNA vaccine candidate is immunogenic in animal models and produces an immune response suitable for a potential vaccine candidate.

Preclinical testing of the new vaccine candidate was the basis for initiation of Phase 1 clinical trials that are currently being conducted in collaboration with researchers at the University of Pennsylvania. We recently published our findings in Nature Communications.

The immune response, as demonstrated by the antibodies produced by immunized animals, neutralized the virus, blocking its ability to interact with its receptor on host cells and preventing the virus from infecting them. The vaccine also activated specialized immune cell responses, known as T cells, which are also important for clearing infection from the body.

Yet, our work is not over. Our collaborators are conducting further testing in other larger animal models that are more similar to humans to give us an indication of the ability of the vaccine to effectively protect the body from getting infected.

In addition to vaccine work, which will hopefully help curb transmission and protect people from getting sick, we also need to advance better diagnostics and therapies to treat people that have become infected.

As many people are now aware, the most severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with lung inflammation. I am interested in applying what I have learned from the preclinical studies to design immune therapies that will reduce lung inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

I am hopeful that we will get there with the joint effort of all scientists in the field. When I think about scientific progress, it is really about bringing global research together to conquer new frontiers and solve the most pressing problems that affect human health.

Novel DNA-based Immunotherapy for Neutralizing Hepatitis B Virus infection

PHILADELPHIA — (May. 28, 2020) — Scientists at The Wistar Institute developed a synthetic DNA approach that instructs in vivo production of a human monoclonal antibody able to neutralize hepatitis B virus (HBV) and prevent infection of liver cells in vitro. The new strategy, described in a paper in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, may be useful one day in preventing and treating HBV infection and a wide range of cancers associated with this virus. Synthetic DNA human monoclonal antibodies also have broader potential as a virus-neutralizing therapy for infectious diseases.

HBV is a viral liver infection that can cause both acute and chronic disease and is the most common risk factor for liver cancer. Three hundred fifty million people worldwide live with chronic HBV infection, and nearly 1 million die each year due to complications including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

The lab of Kar Muthumani, Ph.D., associate professor in the Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center at Wistar, specializes in synthetic DNA technologies for vaccines and immunotherapies in infectious diseases and cancer. The lab decided to apply their novel platform to develop a new strategy for passive immunization using DNA-encoded anti-HBV antibodies to neutralize hepatitis B infection. This system has the potential to be explored in the future to inhibit the progression of HBV-associated cancer.

Current therapies include interferon-alpha and antiviral therapies that control HBV replication but fail to eliminate infection. A safe and effective vaccine is available and recommended for all children and at-risk adults, but an estimated 5-15% of people do not respond to immunization and remain susceptible to infection. Passive immunization utilizing hepatitis B immune globulin is required to protect non-responders in case of possible acute exposure.

“Immunoglobulins (IgG) used for passive immunization are derived from the blood of donors with high antibody levels, but one limitation of this approach is that antibody titers and neutralization efficiency are variable from donor to donor,” said Muthumani. “In our platform, we encode a monoclonal antibody with well-characterized specificity, which offers advantages in terms of consistency and reproducibility, whereas precise antigen specificity of most HBV immunoglobulin preparations is not known and represents a source of variability. Also, our approach is easy to produce and deliver and is more cost-effective compared to protein therapies.”

Muthumani and team designed and developed synthetic DNA encoding a human anti-HBV monoclonal antibody as a novel approach to immunotherapy of HBV infection. Pioneered by Wistar scientists, DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are based on the ability of engineered DNA sequences to instruct the cells to produce therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against infectious diseases and cancer.

In the study, the Muthumani lab demonstrated that a single administration of an anti-HBV-DMAb generates functional neutralizing activity against HBV for several weeks. Furthermore, immunoglobulins generated in vivo had the proper folding and were able to prevent HBV infection of HepaRG liver cells.

Based on these results, the DMAb technology might be developed as a stand-alone additional therapy or be used in combination with current HBV immunotherapies to prevent and/or treat HBV infection and its associated diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma.

Co-authors: Urvi S. Zankharia, Sagar Kudchodkar, Makan Khoshnejad, Alfredo Perales Puchalt, Hyeree Choi, Michelle Ho, Faraz Zaidi, Kenneth E. Ugen, and David B. Weiner from Wistar; Kenneth E. Ugen from University of South Florida; and Joseph J. Kim from Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Work supported by: Inovio Pharmaceuticals.

Publication information: Neutralization of hepatitis B virus by a novel DNA-encoded monoclonal 1 antibody, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (2020). Advanced online publication.

###

The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the United States, Wistar has held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute since 1972. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. wistar.org.

Positive Results from Preclinical Testing Support Clinical Development of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine

PHILADELPHIA — (May 20, 2020) — The Wistar Institute, an international biomedical research leader in cancer, immunology and infectious disease, announces a study reporting initial immunogenicity of a synthetic DNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 developed in collaboration with Inovio Pharmaceutical, Inc., and other scientists. Published in Nature Communications, the report focuses on immune studies in animals, which show induction of functional antibody responses and T-cell responses following immunization. The vaccine, INO-4800, was advanced to phase 1 clinical testing in 10 weeks (clinicaltrials.gov NCT04336410).

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. Infection causes the viral pneumonia disease COVID-19 that has spread quickly around the world. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Currently in the U.S., there are 1.5 million confirmed infections and more than 90,000 deaths occurring in just months, making COVID-19 infection the leading cause of death in the country.

No vaccines or major therapies are available to prevent infection or control the disease and the U.S. government has made development of a vaccine for COVID-19 a top priority. The viral genome became available on January 11, 2020, and the Wistar-Inovio team immediately began working to design and develop a new vaccine, based largely on their previous experience creating a synthetic DNA vaccine against the related coronavirus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

Working with Inovio, a group led by David B. Weiner, Ph.D., Wistar executive vice president, director of the Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center (VIC) and W.W. Smith Charitable Trust Professor in Cancer Research, focused on rapid development of a synthetic DNA-based vaccine targeting the major surface antigen Spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 into preclinical studies.

“We focused on both assay development and vaccination studies to test if immune responses induced by the vaccine in laboratory animals were functional against the virus. Our focus was the induction of immune responses that could in concept make it difficult for SARS-CoV-2 to have a home in the human body,” said Weiner, co-senior author of the publication. “The vaccine was designed leveraging our synthetic DNA technology, which has a set of conceptual advantages including accelerated clinical development built on a conceptually safe, non-live, simple platform that has scalable manufacturing and temperature stability. The vaccine-induced antibodies in vaccinated animals were of sufficient quantity and quality to block interaction of the virus with its receptor, which is its doorway into infecting the body, and were present in the lungs, a place where immunity is very important. The vaccine also induced T-cell function, which is critical for clearing viral infections from the body. These are indications that the immunity it induced might provide no escape for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We are looking forward to additional studies and examining data from the ongoing clinical trial.”

The team includes Wistar VIC investigators Daniel Kulp, Ph.D., Kar Muthumani, Ph.D., and Ami Patel, Ph.D., who is a shared first author in the paper.

DNA vaccines work by delivering the genetic information required to make a certain viral protein in the recipient’s body, which stimulates the immune system to recognize that protein as foreign and build a response against it, thus targeting the virus and providing protection from infection.

Expressed in vitro, INO-4800 induced robust expression of the S protein. Within days following a single immunization of mice and guinea pigs, the vaccine induced antigen-specific T cell responses and functional antibodies that neutralize the virus, blocking the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor on human cells.

Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in the lungs of immunized animals, suggesting they might protect against upper and lower respiratory disease that is associated with severe cases of COVID-19.

“While this candidate continues its journey as a potential vaccine against COVID-19, we are continuing our work in the lab to gather more information on the vaccine’s performance in small and larger animals,” said Patel, who is a research assistant professor at Wistar. “We will further characterize antibody functionality, cellular responses, and the ability of INO-4800 to mediate protection of animals against viral challenge.”

Co-authors: Trevor R.F. Smith and Stephanie Ramos from Inovio co-first authors. Other co-authors include Xizhou Zhu, Ebony N. Gary, Susanne N. Walker, Mansi Purwar, Ziyang Xu, Pratik Bhojnagarwala, Neethu Chokkalingam, Elizabeth Parzych, Emma L. Reuschel, Nicholas Tursi, Jihae Choi, Edgar Tello-Ruiz, Mamadou A. Bah, Yuanhan Wu, Daniel Park, Yaya Dia, Ali Raza Ali, Faraz I. Zaidi, Kevin Y. Kim, Sophia Reeder, Makan Khoshnejad, Jacqueline Chu, Kar Muthumani, and Daniel W. Kulp from Wistar; Dustin Elwood, Jian Yan, Katherine Schultheis, Jewell Walters, Maria Yang, Patrick Pezzoli, Arthur Doan, Miguel Vasquez, Igor Maricic, Dinah Amante, Alison Generotti, Timothy A. Herring, Ami Shah Brown, J Joseph Kim, Jean Boyer, Laurent M.P.F. Humeau, and Kate E. Broderick (corresponding author) from Inovio Pharmaceuticals; Nianshuang Wang, Daniel Wrapp, and Jason S McLellan from University of Texas at Austin; and B Wang from Fudan University, China.

Work supported by: Funding from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Publication information: Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19, Nature Communications (2020). Online publication.

###

The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the United States, Wistar has held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute since 1972. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. wistar.org.

A Scientist’s Life Beyond the Bench: Serving the Community with a Ph.D. in Science and a Passion for Research

In the middle of the pandemic, Wistar graduate student Kevin Alicea-Torres is living a busy and exciting life, preparing to defend his thesis and graduate with a Ph.D. in cell and molecular biology from the University of Pennsylvania at the end of the month and starting a prestigious fellowship in science communications in the early summer.

Just a few years ago, he would have never thought days like these were in his future. What his parents modeled for him was quite different. When Kevin was 14, he got a job in a bakery to earn extra money while in high school. “I loved music, especially reggaeton, but I didn’t have a good singing voice, so I won trophies in lip syncing just for fun,” said Kevin recalling how science was not in his life’s plan. “I didn’t know about college and careers beyond that.”

Luckily for him, his 11th grade girlfriend had a different mindset and was preparing for college. Following her to college exposed Kevin to the idea of pursuing higher education as an alternative path. He worked hard to improve his grades and was accepted into college. Though he started as a business administration student, he soon discovered an interest in science and had the opportunity to attend research seminars and cultivate that passion.

Kevin’s own dad was battling prostate cancer and this personal adversity inspired him to join a cancer research lab where he was supported by the McNair Scholars Program, a federal scholarship at the University of Puerto Rico. Later, with the help of the Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) program of the National Institutes of Health, Kevin would transition to the University of Pennsylvania for his postbaccalaureate, which helped him improve his curriculum, learn English and gain more lab experience in a pancreatic cancer research lab.

“At Penn, I was lucky to find a large community, a lot of support and great mentors who really cared about me and were invested in my career,” said Kevin. “They helped me overcome my fear of not being good enough, of being different because of my background and my winding path to science.”

Kevin was then accepted into the Penn graduate program and chose to conduct his research in the former Wistar lab of Dr. Dmitry Gabrilovich because it was a great fit for his scientific interests. His project focuses on the regulation of immune suppressive cells by type 1 interferons in cancer.

“I was a little afraid of leaving the Penn community and joining a Wistar lab, because it was outside of the environment I knew well and where I had an established community,” said Kevin. “But the lab turned out to be a very good choice. Besides the outstanding scientific caliber of the lab, I loved the international environment and that almost everyone had a foreign accent: French, Italian, Indian, Chinese… I also had an outstanding mentor in Filippo Veglia, a former postdoc who was my direct supervisor.”

Mentors were critical in shaping Kevin’s path and helping him understand his calling in science.

One in particular is Dr. Arnaldo Díaz, director of Penn’s Office of Research and Diversity Training, who became a role model and helped Kevin realize the ways a scientist can have an impact on other people’s lives and give back to the community, besides doing research.

“I realized that minorities, just like me, and many others have no access to career development support, especially in science,” said Kevin. “And I learned there are other professional options that can be pursued. My personal journey, finding inspiration in science and pursuing higher education, inspired me to help other students, especially from underrepresented backgrounds, find their paths.”

“I had my first experiences working with student organizations in college and I was very passionate about it. Working with Arnaldo, I became involved with the student community at Penn and helped start a local chapter of the Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) in 2016.”

For his work with SACNAS that ‘has made our community stronger and more welcoming for all students’, Kevin was recently honored with The President’s and Provost’s Honor for Developing New Initiatives in Graduate & Professional Student Life at the University of Pennsylvania. This award is presented to graduate or professional students, upon their graduation from Penn, who have acted as catalysts to enhance graduate and professional student life at Penn.

While serving as president of the SACNAS chapter, Kevin met Enrique Lin Shiao, president of another student organization, and together they had the vision of starting a podcast for Latin American science students.

“Caminos en Ciencia is another way of serving the community,” said Kevin. “We interview Latin American scientists in the U.S. and ask them to share with our audience how they developed their career, how they got to where they are, the challenging aspects of their journey, for example language barriers and lack of mentorship, and how they overcame them. And the podcast is fully in Spanish because we want to create as strong a connection as possible between our hosts and aspiring future scientists.”

Throughout graduate school, Kevin worked with dedication to further his cancer research in the lab at Wistar and at the same time to advance his community-building vision through his work with SACNAS and Caminos en Ciencia. He progressively realized he wanted to follow in Dr. Diaz’s steps and apply his scientific training to work for retention and recruitment of underrepresented students in STEM while also maintaining his motivation to help cure cancer.

“Balancing these two aspects was a challenge but I’m happy I was able to carry both my interests forward,” he said. “I’m still very passionate about my research project and I’m very excited that we were able to submit my results for publication in a prestigious journal.”

His outreach activity and the podcast experience also gave him a taste of what science communication is about. “I realized there is a huge need for Spanish-speaking science communicators to serve the Latino population.”

So, he looked for training opportunities and applied to the prestigious American Association for the Advancement of Science Mass Media Science & Engineering Fellows Program, a 10-week summer program that places science students and postdoctoral fellows at media organizations nationwide to sharpen their ability to communicate scientific issues to the general public.

“I’m truly honored to join this year’s AAAS Fellows and grateful to my mentors and the people who supported me.”

What’s next? After receiving his Ph.D. at Wistar, Kevin will temporarily move back to Puerto Rico to complete his AAAS fellowship at the newspaper El Nuevo Día writing science stories. “I am beyond excited to go back home for a while,” he said.

“After that, I don’t know what the future will hold, but I would love to serve as a mentor and guide the next generation of scientists,” said Kevin. “While I will always be impassioned about cancer immunology, I have discovered an interest in the human aspects of science: communications, student recruitment and retention, and creating a support system for underrepresented trainees. And I see myself as a good fit for that.”

Kevin shows us how Ph.D. scientists with research experience can explore different horizons and put their training to use in fields beyond academia. There is no such thing as one degree, one path.

If you were wondering, Kevin got married and has a daughter with his high school sweetheart, who first inspired him to go to college and get exposed to all the opportunities that go along with a higher education in science.